• Seasonal Variations in Groundwater and Surface Water Quality and Implications for Agricultural Use in an Urban-Rural Mixed Area
  • Yebin Lee1,2, Kyung-Seok Ko1,2, and Hanna Choi1,2*

  • 1Geo-Environment Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Korea
    2University of Science and Technology, Geological Science, Daejeon 34113, Korea

  • 도농복합지역 지하수 및 지표수의 계절별 수질 특성과 농업용수 적용 적합성 평가
  • 이예빈1,2ㆍ고경석1,2ㆍ최한나1,2*

  • 1한국지질자원연구원 지구환경연구본부, 2과학기술연합대학원대학교 지질과학

  • This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

References
  • 1. An, Y.J., Lee, W.M. and Yoon, C.G., 2006, Evaluation of Korean Water Quality Standards and Suggestion of Additional Water Parameters. Korean J. Limnol., 39, 285-295.
  •  
  • 2. Anyango, G.W., Bhowmick, G.D. and Bhattacharya, N.S., 2024, A critical review of irrigation water quality index and water quality management practices in micro-irrigation for efficient policy making. Desalin. Water Treat., 318, 100304.
  •  
  • 3. Ahn, S.R., Jeong, J.H., and Kim, S.J., 2016, Assessing drought threats to agricultural water supplies under climate change by combining the SWAT and MODSIM models for the Geum River basin, South Korea. Hydrol. Sci. J., 61(15), 2740-2753.
  •  
  • 4. Ayers, R.S. and Westcot, D.W., 1985, Water quality for agriculture, Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations (FAO) publisher, Rome.
  •  
  • 5. Benefield, L.D., Judkins, J.F. and Weand, B.L., 1982, Process chemistry for water and wastewater treatment. Prentice-Hall publisher, New Jersey.
  •  
  • 6. Chen, F., Jia, H., Du, E., Chen, Y. and Wang, L., 2024, Modeling of the cascading impacts of drought and forest fire based on a Bayesian network. Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct., 111, 104716.
  •  
  • 7. Choi, H., Lee, C.M., Jo, H.J. and Shim, B.O., 2023, Assessment of groundwater recharge and connectivity with surface water in a mountainous watershed using natural tracers in Daejeon, Korea. Environ. Earth Sci., 82(22), 530.
  •  
  • 8. Choo, C.O., Lee, J.K., Lee, C.J., Park, K.H., and Jeong, G.C., 2009, Origin of B, Br and Sr in groundwater from Bukahn-myeon, Yeongcheon, Gyeongbuk Province, with emphasis on hydrochemistry. The J. Eng. Geol., 19(2), 235-250.
  •  
  • 9. Coble, P.G., Green, S.A., Blough, N.V. and Gagosian, R.B., 1990, Characterization of dissolved organic matter in the Black Sea by fluorescence spectroscopy. Nature, 348(6300), 432-435.
  •  
  • 10. DFMC(Daejeon Metropolitan Facilities Management Corporation), 2026, Facility information page. Available from https://www.djsiseol.or.kr [cited 2026 February 13]
  •  
  • 11. EGIS(Environmental Geographic Information Service), Land cover map. Available from https://aid.mcee.go.kr [cited 2026 January 16]
  •  
  • 12. Gupta, S., Dandele, P., Verma, M. and Maithani, P., 2009, Geochemical assessment of groundwater around Macherla-Karempudi area, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh. J. Geol. Soc. India., 73, 202-212.
  •  
  • 13. Huguet, A., Vacher, L., Relexans, S., Saubusse, S., Froidefond, J.-M. and Parlanti, E., 2009, Properties of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the Gironde Estuary. Org. Geochem., 40, 706-719.
  •  
  • 14. Hur, J., Shin, J.K. and Park, S.W., 2006, Characterizing fluorescence properties of dissolved organic matter for water quality management of rivers and lakes. J. Korean Soc. Environ. Eng., 28(9), 940-948.
  •  
  • 15. Jang, Y., Son, B., Chu, S., and Lim, B., 2019, Characteristics and management plan of water quality at the water pollution deterioration area of the upper stream of Gapcheon. J. Korean Soc. Water Environ., 35(5), 399-408.
  •  
  • 16. Jeong, C.H., 2001, Effect of land use and urbanization on hydrochemistry and contamination of groundwater from Taejon area, Korea. J. Hydrol., 253(1-4), 194-210.
  •  
  • 17. Kim, B., Choi, K., Kim, C., Lee, U.H. and Kim, Y.H., 2000, Effects of the summer monsoon on the distribution and loading of organic carbon in a deep reservoir, Lake Soyang, Korea. Water Res., 34, 3495-3504.
  •  
  • 18. Kim, S., Jung, S.Y., Kim, M.S., Kim, Y.T., Cha, Y.H. and Lee, C.M., 2024, Hydrogeological Characteristics of Groundwater in Small Watershed of the Nakdong River Basin. J. Kor. Earth Sci. Soc., 45, 72-84.
  •  
  • 19. KLIC (Korean Law Information Center), 2026, Act on Environmental Policy of Korea. Available from https://www.law.go.kr/LSW/main.html [cited 2026 January 15]
  •  
  • 20. KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration)., 2026, KMA weather data service - Open MET data portal. Available from https://data.kma.go.kr/cmmn/main.do [cited 2026 January 15]
  •  
  • 21. Koo, M.H., Kim, W. and Song, S.H., 2022, Comparison of Surface Water and Groundwater Responses to Drought using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). J. Soil Groundwater Environ., 27, 1-9.
  •  
  • 22. Lee, I.H., Cho B.W., Lee, B.D., Sung, I.H. and Lim, Y.S., 2002, Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in Kwangiu City. J. Soil Groundwater Environ., 7, 115-132.
  •  
  • 23. Lee, J.S., Lee, H.S. and Ryu, J.K., 2012, Performance Characteristics of Nonpoint Source Pollutant Using by Used the Vegetable Plant on the Infiltration Basins. Korean J. Nat. Conserv., 10(3-4), 147-156.
  •  
  • 24. Lee, S.-G. and Kim, J.C., 2009, Preliminary experimental result for clarifying sr isotope behaviour of water due to water-rock interaction. J. Eng. Geol., 19(2), 35-250.
  •  
  • 25. Lee, S.W., Maeng, S.J., San Kim, H. and Kim, D.J., 2016, An Analysis of Variation in Design Drought Rainfall Based on Climate Change. Korean Rev. Crisis Emerg. Manage., 12, 119-128.
  •  
  • 26. Lee, Y.G., Cho, Y.H. and Kim, S.J., 2016, Prediction of Land-Use Change based on Urban Growth Scenario in South Korea using CLUE-s Model. J. Korean Assoc. Geogr. Inf. Stud., 19(3), 75-88.
  •  
  • 27. Medison, R.J. and Brunett, J.O., 1985, Overview of the occurrences of nitrate in groundwater of the united state. U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper, 2275, 93-105.
  •  
  • 28. MOE (Ministry of Environment) and K-water, 2024, 2024 groundwater annual report (in Korean), MOE and K-water, Sejong.
  •  
  • 29. MOE (Ministry of Environment), 2025, Water Environment Monitoring Network Installation and Operation Plan (in Korean), Ministry of Environment, Sejong.
  •  
  • 30. Murphy, K.R., Bro, R. and Stedmon, C.A., 2014, Chemometric analysis of organic matter fluorescence, Aquatic organic matter fluorescence, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  •  
  • 31. NGII (National Geographic Information Institute), 2024, The national atlas of Korea I. Available from http://nationalatlas.ngii.go.kr/us/index.php [cited 2026 January 16]
  •  
  • 32. Nones, M., Hamidifar, H., and Shahabi-Haghighi, S.M.B., 2024, Exploring EM-DAT for depicting spatiotemporal trends of drought and wildfires and their connections with anthropogenic pressure. Nat. Hazards, 120(1), 957-973.
  •  
  • 33. OPC (Office for Government Policy Coordination) and KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration), 2020, 2019 Report on Extreme Climate: 10th Anniversary Special Edition. KMA publisher, Sejong.
  •  
  • 34. Pazand, K. and Javanshir, A.R., 2014, Geochemistry and water quality assessment of groundwater around Mohammad Abad Area, Bam District, SE Iran. Water Qual. Expo. Health., 6, 225-231.
  •  
  • 35. Piper, A.M., 1944, A graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water‐analyses. Trans. Am. Geophys. Union., 25, 914-928.
  •  
  • 36. Richards, L.A., 1954, Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils, US Government Printing Office, Washington.
  •  
  • 37. Seo, S.S., Kim, D.G., Lee, K.H., Kim, H.S., and Kim, T.W., 2009, Estimation of drought damage based on agricultural and domestic water use. J. Wetlands Res., 11, 77-87.
  •  
  • 38. Todd, D.K. and Mays, L.W., 2004, Groundwater hydrology, John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey.
  •  
  • 39. Wang, H., Zhang, W., Hong, S., Zhuang, Y., Lin, H., and Wang, Z., 2014, Spatial evaluation of complex non-point source pollution in urban–rural watershed using fuzzy system. J. hydroinform., 16(1), 114-129.
  •  
  • 40. Wilcox, L., 1955, Classification and use of irrigation waters, US Department of Agriculture Soil survey of San Diego Area, California.
  •  
  • 41. Yan, S., Zhang, T., Zhang, B., and Feng, H., 2024, A revised saline water quality assessment method considering including Mg2+/Na+ as a new indicator for an arid irrigated area. J. Hydrol., 639, 131619.
  •  
  • 42. Yifru, B.A., Chung, I.M., Kim, M.G., and Chang, S.W., 2022, Assessing the effect of urbanization on regional-scale surface water-groundwater interaction and nitrate transport. Sci. Rep., 12(1), 12520.
  •  

This Article

  • 2026; 31(1): 28-40

    Published on Feb 28, 2026

  • 10.7857/JSGE.2026.31.1.028
  • Received on Feb 5, 2026
  • Revised on Feb 18, 2026
  • Accepted on Feb 26, 2026

Correspondence to

  • Hanna Choi
  • 1Geo-Environment Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Korea
    2University of Science and Technology, Geological Science, Daejeon 34113, Korea

  • E-mail: pythagoras84@kigam.re.kr