• Torrefaction and Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of Dead Leaves
  • Saqib, Najam Ul;Park, Seong-Kyu;Lee, Jai-Young;
  • Department of Environmental Engineering, the University of Seoul;KOFIRST R&D Center, KF E&E Co. Ltd.;Department of Environmental Engineering, the University of Seoul;
References
  • 1. Basu, P., Sadhukhan, A.K., Gupta, P., Rao, S., Dhungana, A., and Acharya, B., 2014, An Experimental and theoretical investigation on torrefaction of a large wet wood particle, Bioresour Technol., 159, 215-22.
  •  
  • 2. Berge, N.D., Ro, K.S., Mao, J., Flora, J.R.V., Chappel, M., and Bae, S., 2011, Hydrothermal carbonization of municipal waste streams, Environmental Science and Technology, 45, 5696-5703.
  •  
  • 3. Cantrell, K.B., Hunt, P.G., Uchimiya, M., Novak, J.M., and Ro, K.S., 2012, Impact of pyrolysis temperature and manure source on physicochemical characteristics of Biochar, Bioresour. Technol., 107, 419428.
  •  
  • 4. Demirbas, A., 2005, Potential applications of renewable energy sources, biomass combustion problems in boiler power systems and combustion related environmental issues, Prog Energy Combust., 31, 171-92.
  •  
  • 5. Gaskin, J.W., Stener, C., Haris, K., Das, K.C., and Bibens, B., 2008, Effect of low-temperature pyrolysis conditions on biochar for agricultural use, Transactions of the Asabe., 51, 2061-2069.
  •  
  • 6. Guo, Y.P. and Rockstraw, D.A., 2007, Activated carbons prepared from rice hull by one-step phosphoric activation, Microporous Mesoporous Matter., 100, 12-19.
  •  
  • 7. Hoekman, S.K., Broch, A., and Robbins, C., 2011, Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of Lignocellulosic biomass, Energy Fuel., 25, 1802-1810.
  •  
  • 8. Inoue, S., Hanaoka, H., and Minowa, T., 2002, Hot compressed water treatment for production of charcoal from wood, J Chem Jpn., 35, 1020-1023.
  •  
  • 9. Khan, A., De, J.W., Jansens, P., and Spliethoff, H., 2009, Biomass combustion in fluidized bed boilers: potential problems and remedies, Fuel Process Technol., 90, 21-50.
  •  
  • 10. Lee, Y., Park, J., Ryu, C., Gang, K.S., Yang, W., Park, Y.K., Jung, J., and Hyun, S., 2013, Comparison of Biochar properties from biomass residues produced by slow pyrolysis at $500^{\circ}C$, Bioresource Technology., 148, 196-201.
  •  
  • 11. Libra, J.A., Ro, K.S., Kammann, C., Funke, A., Berge, N.D., Neubauer, M.M., Titirici, C., Fuhner, O., Bens, J., Kern., and Emmerrich, K.H., 2011, Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass residuals: a comparative review of the chemistry, Processes and Applications of Wet and Dry Pyrolysis Biofuels., 2, 71-106.
  •  
  • 12. Lui, Z. and Balasubramanian, R., 2012, Hydrothermal carbonization of waste biomass for energy generation, Procedia Environmental Sciences, 16, 159-166.
  •  
  • 13. Luterbacher, J.K., Froling, M., Vogel, F., Marechal, F., and Tester, J.W., 2008, Hydrothermal gasification of waste biomass: process design and life cycle assessment, Environ Sci Techn., 43, 1578-83.
  •  
  • 14. Lyam, J.G., Coronella, C.J., Yan, W., Reza, M.T., and Vasquez, V.R., 2011, Acetic acid and lithium choride effects on hydrothermal carbonization of Lignocellulosic biomass, Bioresour Technol., 102, 6192-6199.
  •  
  • 15. Madhura, S., Ajay, K., Jaya, S.T., Krushna, N.P., and Danielle, D.B., 2014, Gasification performance of switchgrass pretreated with torrefaction and densification, Applied Energy., 127, 194-201.
  •  
  • 16. Mafakheri, F. and Nasiri, F., 2014, Modeling of biomass-toenergy supply operations: Applications, Challenges and research directions, Energy Policy., 67, 116-126.
  •  
  • 17. Mark, J.P., Krzysztof, J.P., and Frans, J.J.G., 2006, Torrefaction of wood part 1 weight loss kinetics, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis., 77, 28-34.
  •  
  • 18. Nanda, S., Mohammad, J., Reddy, S.N., Kozinski, J.A., and Dalai, A.K., 2013, Pathways of lignocellulosic biomass conversion to renewable fuels, Biomass Conv. Bioref., DOI 10.1007/s13399-013-0097.
  •  
  • 19. Nobusuke, K., Nobuhiko, O., Ayumu, H., Toyoyuki, S., Jun, K., Shigenobu, H., Yoshinori, I., and Shigekatsu, M., 2009, Characteristics of solid residues obtained from hot compressed water treatment of woody biomass, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research., 48, 373-379.
  •  
  • 20. Oliveira, I., Dennis, B., and Hans, G.R., 2013, Hydrothermal carbonization of agricultural residue, Bioresour Technol., 142, 138-146.
  •  
  • 21. Pala, M., Kantarli, I.C., Buyukisik, H.B., and Yanik, J., 2014, Hydrothermal carbonization and torrefaction of grape pomace, Bioresour Technol., 161, 255-62.
  •  
  • 22. Peter McKendry., 2002, Energy production from biomass (part 1): overview of biomass, Bioresour Technol., 83, 37-46.
  •  
  • 23. Rouquerol, F., Rouquerol, I., and Sing K., 1999, Adsorption by powders and porous solids, Academic Press, London, UK, 13 p.
  •  
  • 24. Singh, R., Shukla, A., Tiwari, S., and Srivastava, M., 2014, A review on delignification on Lignocellulosic biomass for enhancement of ethanol production potential, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews., 32, 713-728.
  •  
  • 25. Stelta, V.D., Gerhauserb, H., Kielb, J.H.A., and Ptasinski, K.J., 2011, Biomass upgrading by torrefaction for the production of biofuel: a review, Biomass Bioenergy 35, 3748-3762.
  •  
  • 26. Theis, J.K. and Rilling, M.C., 2009, Characteristics of Biochar: Biological properties, Biochar for environmental management sciences and technology, Earthscan London, UK, 85p.
  •  
  • 27. Toufiq, M.R., Joan, G., Lynam, M., Helal, U., and Coronella, J., 2013, Hydrothermal carbonization: Fate of inorganics, Biomass and Bioenergy., 49, 86-94.
  •  
  • 28. Yan, W., Tapas, C.A., Coronella, C.J., and Victor, R.V., 2009, Thermal pretreatment of Lignocellulosic biomass, Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy., DOI: 10.1002/ep.10385.
  •  
  • 29. Yong-sung, K., Yoon, Y.K., Kim, C.H., and Giersdorf, J., 2012, Status of biogas technologies and policies in South Korea, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review., 16, 3430-3438.
  •  
  • 30. Yuan, J.H., Xu, R.K., and Zhang, H., 2011, The forms of alkalis in the biochar produced from crop residues at different temperatures, Bioresource Technology., 102, 3488-3497.
  •  
  • 31. Zhang, J. and Changfu, Y., 2013, Water holding capacity and absorption properties of wood chars, Energy and Fuels., 27, 2643-2648.
  •  

This Article

  • 2014; 19(5): 45-52

    Published on Oct 31, 2014

  • 10.7857/JSGE.2014.19.5.045
  • Received on Oct 13, 2014
  • Revised on Oct 24, 2014
  • Accepted on Oct 24, 2014

Correspondence to

  • E-mail: