• Understanding Imminent & Substantial Endangerment (ISE) in the U.S. Environmental Laws and Analysis on ISE Uses
  • Jeong, Seung-Woo;
  • Department of Environmental Engineering, Kunsan National University;
  • 미국 환경법의 Imminent & Substantial Endangerment에 대한 이해 및 사례별 분석
  • 정승우;
  • 군산대학교 환경공학과;
Abstract
This study discusses the definition, determination and use of Imminent & Substantial Endangerment (ISE) included in the United States environmental laws. ISE is a contamination situation and statutory authority that state and federal governments issue an administrative order to responsible parties for clean-up. ISE is appeared in all kinds of official government documents such as administrative oders on consent, judicial consent degrees, and unilateral administrative order. In order to invoke ISE authority, the governments should have evidence of each of the following elements; 1) a possible ISE 2) because of actual or threatened release 3) of a hazardous substance 4) from a facility. The determination of ISE relies on detail scientific evidence and documentation in order to demonstrate the existence of conditions that may present an ISE. However, any official protocol or procedure has not been found for determining an ISE, although an ISE order documentation format is suggested by U.S. EPA.

미국 환경법에 규정된 Imminent & Substantial Endangerment(ISE) 조항에 대한 정의, 결정 및 적용사례를 분석하였다. ISE는 행정권자가 현재의 환경오염상황이 인체에 급박하고 실질적인 위해를 가할 수 있는 오염으로 판단할 경우 오염책임자에게 대책을 강구하게 하는 환경오염 상황 및 환경법상의 조항으로 정의된다. 이때의 행정권자의 대책 요구는 권고, 행정명령, 민사소송, 형사소송 등 다양하게 이루어지며 모든 행정 집행 과정에 ISE가 언급된다. ISE의 판단을 위해서는 1) a possible ISE 2) because of actual or threatened release 3) of a hazardous substance 4) from a facility, 네 가지 요소에 대한 명확한 증거가 있어야 한다. 그러나 네 가지 요소에 대한 정의는 매우 광범위하며 유연성을 가지고 있어, ISE 판단은 행정권자의 충분한 자료 확보와 주관적인 판단에 따르는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 ISE 판단은 판단 주체에 따라 차이를 보이지만 공통적인 사항은 매우 상세한 현장조사 결과 및 과학적인 정황에 기인하고 있다. 미국내 ISE 행정명령에 대한 기본 문서 형태 및 내용은 규정되어 있지만 ISE 판단에 대한 구체적인 정량적 기준 및 방법은 정의되어 있지 않았다.

Keywords: Imminent & Substantial Endangerment (ISE);Comprehensive Environmental Response;Compensation & Liability Act (CERCLA);Administrative Orders;

Keywords: 급박하고 실질적인 위해;미국환경오염대응;보상 및 책임법;행정명령;

References
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  • 2. Stae of California, 2004, Enforcement Order with Imminent and Substantial Endangerment Determination; In the Matter of BKK Corporation, Docket HWCA 2004 0582
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  • 3. State of New York, 2007, Notice of Intent to Sue ExxonMobil Corporation and ExxonMobil Refining & Supply Company for Clean Water Act Violations in Greenpoint, Brooklyn, New York, Office of The Attorney General
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  • 4. USEPA, 1997, Guidance on the Use of Section 7003 of RCRA, Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance
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  • 7. USEPA Compliance and Enforcement homepage, http://www.epa.gov/compliance
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This Article

  • 2009; 14(3): 14-21

    Published on Jun 30, 2009

  • Received on Jan 23, 2009
  • Revised on Jan 28, 2009
  • Accepted on Jun 15, 2009