• Study on Heavy Metal Contamination Characteristics and Plant Bioavailability for Soils in the Janghang Smelter Area
  • Jeong, Seul-Ki;An, Jin-Sung;Kim, Young-Jin;Kim, Geon-Ha;Choi, Sang-Il;Nam, Kyoung-Phile;
  • Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University;Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University;Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University;Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hannam University;Dept. of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University;Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University;
  • 화학적 추출법에 따른 (구)장항제련소 주변 토양의 중금속 오염특성 분석과 식물 전이 가능량 예측
  • 정슬기;안진성;김영진;김건하;최상일;남경필;
  • 서울대학교 공과대학 건설환경공학부;서울대학교 공과대학 건설환경공학부;서울대학교 공과대학 건설환경공학부;한남대학교 공과대학 토목환경공학과;광운대학교 공과대학 환경공학과;서울대학교 공과대학 건설환경공학부;
Abstract
Potential risk of heavy metals to various receptors including humans depends on the bioavailability of the heavy metals in soil. In this study, the heavy metal extraction methods using 0.1N HCl and aqua regia were compared with the Tessier's sequential extraction method to assess whether these two methods can be used to determine the plant-available heavy metal concentrations. The contamination characteristics of copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) found in soils collected from 75 sites around the closed Janghang smelter were analyzed by extracting heavy metals using 0.1 N HCl, aqua regia, and the Tessier's sequential extraction method. The portion of metals bioavailable to plants is considered as the sum of the fraction 1 (exchangeable) and the fraction 2 (carbonates binding) of the Tessier's 5-step sequential extraction method, which were determined to be 3.1 ${\pm}$ 3.82, 0.6 ${\pm}$ 0.15, 20.6 ${\pm}$ 18.78, and 7.0 ${\pm}$ 6.48 mg/kg for Cu, Cd, Pb, and As, respectively, in this study. When the extraction using aqua regia and the Tessier's extraction method were compared, the extracted Cu and Pb concentrations did not show significant differences, whereas the extracted Cd and As concentrations showed significant differences. These results indicate that the portion of Cd and As in the fraction 5 of the Tessier's sequential extraction can not be extracted using aqua regia. Using aqua regia, which is the official test method, higher concentrations of Cu, Cd, Pb and As were extracted than the sum of the fraction 1 and 2. The results show that only 9, 40, 39 and 10% of Cu, Cd, Pb and As using aqua regia can be uptaken by plants (i.e., plant-available). Using 0.1N HCl, the portion of Cd equivalent to about 66% the fraction 1 could be extracted, while, with Pb, the portion of the fraction 1 and about 90% of the fraction 2 could be extracted. With As, the portion equivalent to the fraction 1, 2 and 79% of the fraction 3 was extracted, while with Cu, the portion equivalent to the fraction 1, 2, 3 and 20% of the fraction 4 was extracted using 0.1N HCl.

Keywords: Janghang Smelter;Metal;Bioavailability;Metal extraction;

References
  • 1. 오창환, 유연희, 이평구, 이영엽, 2003, 용출액의 pH 변화가 토양내 중금속 용출에 미치는 영향과 그에 따른 국내 토양오염 공정 시험방법의 문제점, Econ. Environ. Geol., 36, 159-170.
  •  
  • 2. 이병규, 고일하, 김행아, 2005, 단계추출법에 의한 울산지역 토양 중의 중금속 Partitioning 특성연구, Environ. Eng. Res., 27, 25-35.
  •  
  • 3. 이평구, 강민주, 최상훈, 신성천, 2004, 광미 및 오염된 토양에서 중금속의 존재형태 및 잠재적인 이동도, Econ. Environ. Geol., 37, 97-98.
  •  
  • 4. 정명채, 전효택, 1998, 삼보 연-아연광산 주변 농경지에서의 중금속함량의 계절적 변화와 환경오염, Geosystem Engineering, 35, 19-29.
  •  
  • 5. 정명채, 정문영, 최연왕, 2004, 국내 휴/폐광 금속광산 주변의 중금속 환경오염 평가, Econ. Environ. Geol., 37, 21-33.
  •  
  • 6. 환경부, 2001, 수질오염, 폐기물, 토양오염공정시험법, 도서출판 동화기술, 서울, 623-640.
  •  
  • 7. 환경부, 2009, 가이아 연구단 환경기술개발사업 맞춤형 중금속 오염부지 조사 및 정화최적화 기법 개발 연구 연차보고서.
  •  
  • 8. Carrizalesa, L., Razoa, I., Tellez-Hernandeza, J.I., Torres-Nerioa, R., Torresa, A., Batresa, L.E., Cubillasb, A.C., and Dyaz-Barriga, F., 2006, Exposure to arsenic and lead of children living near a copper-smelter in San Luis Potosi, Mexico: Importance of soil contamination for exposure of children, Environ. Res., 101, 1-10.
  •  
  • 9. Gleyzes, C., Tellier, C., and Astruc, M., 2002, Fractionation studies of trace elements in contaminated soils and sediments: a review of sequential extraction procedures, TrAC., 21, 451-467.
  •  
  • 10. Hong, C.O., Gutierrez, J., Yun, S.W., Lee, Y.B., and Yu, C., 2009, Heavy Metal Contamination of Arable Soil and Corn Plant in the Vicinity of a Zinc Smelting Factory and Stabilization by Liming, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 56, 190-200.
  •  
  • 11. Li, J.X., Yang,, X.E., He Z.L., Jilani, G., Sun, C.Y., and Chen, S.M., 2007, Fractionation of lead in paddy soils and its bioavailability to rice plants. Geoderma, 141, 174-180.
  •  
  • 12. Luoma, S.N. and Rainbow, P.S., 2005, Why Is metal bioaccumulation so variable? Biodynamics as a unifying concept., Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 1921-31.
  •  
  • 13. Martleya, E., Gulsona, B.L., and Pfeiferb, H.-R., 2003, Metal concentrations in soils around the copper smelter and surrounding industrial complex of Port Kembla, NSW, Australia, Sci. Total Environ., 325, 113-127.
  •  
  • 14. Mattina, M.I., William, L.B., Musante, C., and White, J.C., 2003, Concurrent plant uptake of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants from soil, Environ. Pollut., 124, 375-378.
  •  
  • 15. Moturi, M.C.Z., Rawat, M., and Subramnian, V., 2004, Distribution and fractionation of heavy metals in solid waste from selected sites in the industrial belt of Delhi, India, Environ. Monit. Assess., 95, 183-199.
  •  
  • 16. Tessier, A., Campbell, P.G.C., and Bisson, M., 1979, Sequential Extraction Procedure for the Speciation of Particulate Trace Metals, Anal. Chem., 51, 844-851.
  •  
  • 17. Ure, A.M., 1990, Methods of analysis for heavy metals in soils. in "Heavy Metals in Soils" ed. Alloway, B. J. Blackie, London, 41-80.
  •  
  • 18. van Gestel, C.A.M., 2008, Physico-chemical and biological parameters determine metal bioavailability in soils, Sci. Total Environ., 406, 385-395.
  •  
  • 19. Walkley, A. and Black, I.A., 1934, An examination of Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci., 37, 29-37.
  •  
  • 20. Wilcke, W., Krauss, M., and Kobza, J., 2005, Concentrations and forms of heavy metals in Slovak soils, J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci., 168, 676-686.
  •  
  • 21. Zhang, M., Zhou, C., and Huang, C., 2006, Relationship Between Extractable Metals in Acid Soils and Metals Taken Up by Tea Plants, Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 37, 347-361.
  •  
  • 22. Zheljazkov, V.D., Jeliazkova, E.A., Kovacheva, N., and Dzhurmanski, A., 2008, Metal uptake by medicinal plant species grown in soils contaminated by a smelter, Environ. Exp. Bot., 64, 207-216.
  •  

This Article