• Analysis on the Risk-Based Screening Levels Determined by Various Risk Assessment Tools (II): Derivation of Particulate Emission Factor at Former Janghang Smelter Site
  • Jung, Jae-Woong;Yang, Kyung;Lee, Gwang-Hun;Ryu, Hye-Rim;Nam, Kyoung-Phile;
  • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University;Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University;Center of Environmental Remediation & Risk Assessment, Seoul National University;Water & Environment Team, Civil Engineering Center, Samsung C&T;Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University;
  • 다양한 위해성평가 방법에 따라 도출한 토양오염 판정기준의 차이에 관한 연구 (II): (구)장항제련소부지의 기상 및 부지 특성을 반영한 비산계수 결정
  • 정재웅;양경;이광헌;류혜림;남경필;
  • 서울대학교 건설환경공학부;서울대학교 건설환경공학부;서울대학교 환경정화기술 및 위해성평가연구센터;삼성물산 토목엔지니어링센터 물.환경팀;서울대학교 건설환경공학부;
Abstract
This paper presents the short-term and long-term measures to determine the fugitive dust concentration in a contaminated site, which is a crucial step for the determination of particulate emission factor (PEF) for risk assessment. As a long-term measure, USEPA method employing Q/C value (inverse of the ratio of the geometric mean air concentration to the emission flux at center of a 0.5-acre square source) seems to be suitable as it reflects regional-specific meteorological conditions. However, it requires nation-wide database collection and interpretation. Use of ASTM method is an alternative as a short-term measure. The method is readily field-applicable as PEF calculation equation is simple and input parameters can be easily derived at the site of interest as well without the nation-wide efforts. Using ASTM method, PEF at the Former Janghang Smelter Site was determined. According to various mode of aggregate size distribution and fractions of vegetative cover, which are the most important factors in PEF calculation, PEF values at the Former Janghang Smelter Site varied greatly. When the mode of aggregate size distribution was set at 0.25 mm, PEF values at the Former Janghang Smelter Site was 5~20 times higher than the default PEF value (i.e., 35 ${\mu}g/m^3$) shown in the current Korean Soil Contamination Risk Assessment Guidance. On contrast, when the mode was set at 2 mm, PEF values at the Former Janghang Smelter Site was 160~640 times lower than the default PEF value in the Korean Guidance.

Keywords: Particulate emission factor;Fugitive dust;Risk assessment;Mode of aggregate size distribution;Meteorological conditions;

References
  • 1. 김현구, 2005, 기상조건별 비산먼지 관리체계 최적화 연구, 한국대기환경학회지, 21(6), 573-583.
  •  
  • 2. 정재웅, 류혜림, 남경필, 2011, 다양한 위해성평가 방법에 따라 도출한 오염토양 선별기준의 차이에 관한 연구(I): 매체 간 이동현상 해석에 따른 차이, 지하수토양환경, 16(2), 12-29.
  •  
  • 3. 환경부, 2011a, 토양오염물질 위해성평가지침, 환경부고시 제2011-139호.
  •  
  • 4. 환경부, 2011b, 보도자료: 작년 서울시 미세먼지농도 49 $\mu g/m^{3}$, 최초로 대기환경기준 달성.
  •  
  • 5. Amante-Orozco, A. and Zobeck, T.M., 2002, Clay and Carbonate Effect on Fine Dust Emissions Measured in a Rotating-Tube Dust Generation System, Proceedings of ICAR5/GCTE-SEN Joint Conference, International Center for Arid and Semiarid Land Studies, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
  •  
  • 6. Ajmone-Marsan, F., Biasioli, M., Kralj, T., Greman, H., Davidson, C.M., Hursthouse, A.S., Madrid, L. and Rodrigues, S., 2008, Metals in Particle-size Fractions of the Soils of Five European Cities, Environmental Pollution, 152(1), 73-81.
  •  
  • 7. ASTM, 2010, Standard Guide for Risk-Based Corrective Action (Designation: E 2081-00 (Reapproved 2010)), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 95 p.
  •  
  • 8. Brand, E., Otte, P.F., Lijzen, J.P.A., 2007, CSOIL 2000: An Exposure Model for Human Risk Assessment of Soil Contamination, RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands, 90 p, RIVM Report 711701054/2007.
  •  
  • 9. Cowherd, Jr., C., Muleski, G.E., Englehart, P.J. and Gillette, D.A., 1985, Rapid Assessment of Exposure to Particulate Emissions from Surface Contamination Sites, USEPA, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment and Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC., USA, EPA/600/8-85/002.
  •  
  • 10. Cox, J.J., 2009, Field Testing a Portable Wind Tunnel for Find Dust Emissions, MS Dissertation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
  •  
  • 11. McCormick, R.A. and Holzworth, G.C., 1976, Air Pollution Climatology, Stern, A. C., Air Pollution Volume I: Air Pollutants, Their Transformation and Transport, Third Edition, Academic Press, New York, NY, USA.
  •  
  • 12. USEPA, 1986, Development of Advisory Levels for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Cleanup, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC., USA, EPA/600/21.
  •  
  • 13. USEPA, 1991, Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund: Volume I - Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part B, Development of Risk-Based Preliminary Remediation Goals), Interim, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC, USA, EPA/540/R-92/003.
  •  
  • 14. USEPA, 1992, User's Guide for the Industrial Source Complex (ISC2) Dispersion Models: Volume II - Description of Model Algorithms, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA, EPA-450/4-92-008b.
  •  
  • 15. USEPA, 1996a, Soil Screening Guidance: Technical Background Document, Second Edition, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC, USA, EPA/540/R-95/128.
  •  
  • 16. USEPA, 1996b, Soil Screening Guidance, Second Edition, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC, USA, EPA/540/R-96/018.
  •  
  • 17. USEPA, 2002a, Record of Decision: Castle Air Force Base (6 Areas) OU 04, EPA/ROD/R09-02/070.
  •  
  • 18. USEPA, 2002b, Supplemental Guidance for Developing Soil Screening Levels for Superfund Sites, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC, USA, OSWER 9355.4-24.
  •  
  • 19. USEPA, 2006, Record of Decision: Coleman-Evans Wood Preserving Co. OU 02, EPA/ROD/R2006040001242.
  •  
  • 20. USEPA, 2009, Exposure Factors Handbook: 2009 Update, Office of Research and Development, and National Center for Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC, USA, EPA/600/R-09/052A.
  •  
  • 21. USEPA Regions 3, 6, and 9, 2012, Regional Screening Levels for Chemical Contaminants at Superfund Sites, available at http://www.epa.gov/reg3hwmd/risk/human/rbconcentration_table/index.htm
  •  

This Article