• Correlation Estimation between Geochemical Metal-fraction and Soil Properties in Agricultural and Industrial Soils
  • Lee, Hong-gil;Kim, Ji-in;Noh, Hoe-Jung;Park, Jeong-Eui;Kim, Tae Seung;Yoon, Jeong Ki;
  • Soil and Groundwater Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research;Soil and Groundwater Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research;Soil and Groundwater Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research;Chemical R&D Center, PDT Co., Ltd;Soil and Groundwater Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research;Soil and Groundwater Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research;
  • 농경지 및 공장지역 토양 내 중금속 존재형태와 토양 특성과의 상관성 평가
  • 이홍길;김지인;노회정;박정의;김태승;윤정기;
  • 국립환경과학원 토양지하수연구과;국립환경과학원 토양지하수연구과;국립환경과학원 토양지하수연구과;(주)피디티 케미컬 R&D 센터;국립환경과학원 토양지하수연구과;국립환경과학원 토양지하수연구과;
Abstract
The Standards, Measurement and Testing Programme (SM&T-formerly BCR) extraction procedure was applied to fractionate Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in 23 top soil samples into: (i) exchangeable phase; (ii) reducible phase; (iii) oxidisable(sulfides and organics bound) phase; and (iv) residual phase. Fractions of Cr and Ni were in the order of residual > oxidisable > reducible > exchangeable phase. The oxidisable phase was identified as dominant for Cu and Pb. Zn had the highest ratio of exchangeable phase in comparision to the other metals. The bioavailability and mobility were assessed to be the greatest for Zn, followed by a decreasing order of Pb, Cu, Ni and Cr. All metal average concentrations in topsoil samples was higher in industrial sites than in agricultural sites. Our results revealed higher concentrations in topsoil samples (0~15 cm) than in sub soils (15~30 cm, 30~60 cm) for most metals at six sites (No. 5, 6, 17, 19, 20, 23). The fractions of exchangeable, reducible ad oxidisable phases showed relatively high correlation with soil pH, Fe/Mn oxide concentrations and organic matter contents, respectively.

Keywords: SM&T extraction procedure;Land use;Soil characteristics;Metals;

References
  • 1. Alina, K-.P., 2011, Trace Elements in Soils and Plants 4th edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New York, 181-187; 338-345 p.
  •  
  • 2. Aleksandra, B-.G., Ewa, R., and Krzysztof, Z., 2013, Distribution, Bioavailability and fractionation of metallic elements in allotment garden soils using the BCR sequetial extraction procedure, Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 22(4), 1013-1021.
  •  
  • 3. Aydinalp, C. and Marinova, S., 2003, Distribution and forms of heavy metals in some agricultural soils, Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 12(5), 629-633
  •  
  • 4. Banta, K.M., Howari, F.M., and Al-Hamand, A.A., 2005, Heavy metals in urban soils of central Jordan: Should we worry about their environmental risks?, Environ. Res., 97, 258-273.
  •  
  • 5. Barrow, N.J., 1985, Reaction of anions and cations with variable-charge soils., Adv. Agron., 38, 183-220.
  •  
  • 6. Chapman, H.D., 1965, Cation-exchange capacity, In C. A. Black (ed). Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. chemical and microbiological properties. Agron. Monogr. 9, ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI. 891-901.
  •  
  • 7. Inaba, S. and Takenaka, C., 2005, Effects of dissolved organic matter on toxicity and bioavailability of copper for lettuce sprouts., Environ. Int., 31(4), 603-608.
  •  
  • 8. ISO 10390, 2005, Soil quality-determination of pH.
  •  
  • 9. Jandl, R. and P. Sollins, P., 1997, Water-extractable soil carbon in relation to the belowground carbon cycle, Biol. Fertil. Soils. 25, 196-201
  •  
  • 10. Jean-Louis, M., Guillaume, E., and Nadezhda, G., 2002, Phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soils, Springer, Trest, Czech Republic, 271 p.
  •  
  • 11. Juan, G-.M. and Ana, M.S., 1994, Trace metals in valencia lake(venezuela) sediments, Water Air Soil Pollut., 77, 141-150.
  •  
  • 12. Junhui, L., Ying, L., Hojae, S., Xianglian, D., Jin, L., Zhenglei, J., and Jianhua, L., 2010, Use of the BCR sequential extraction procedure for the study of metal availability to plants, J. Environ. Monit., 12, 466-471.
  •  
  • 13. Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 2016, Multiplatform GEOscience Information System (MGEO).
  •  
  • 14. Maskall, J., Whitehead, K., and Thornton, I., 1995, Heavy metal migration in soils and rocks at historical smelting sites., Environ. Geochem. Health., 17, 127-138.
  •  
  • 15. Ministry of Environment, 2016, Korean official testing method for soil pollution.
  •  
  • 16. Mocko, A. and Waclawek, W., 2004, Three-step extraction procedure for determination of heavy metals availability to vegeta-bles, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 380, 813-817.
  •  
  • 17. National Institute of Agricultural Science, 2013, the monitoring project on agro-environmental quality (Annual report).
  •  
  • 18. National Institute of Environmental Research, 2004, Evaluation and establishment of the soil pollution standards (I).
  •  
  • 19. National Institute of Environmental Research, 2005, Evaluation and establishment of the soil pollution standards (II).
  •  
  • 20. National Institute of Environmental Research, 2008, Assessment of soil contamination by new soil contaminants.
  •  
  • 21. Pueyo, M., Lopez-Sanchez, J.F., and Rauert, G., 2004, Assessment of $CaCl_2$, $NaNO_3$ and $NH_4NO_3$ extraction procedures for the study of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn extractability in contaminated soils, Anal. Chem. Acta, 504, 217-226
  •  
  • 22. Rauret, G., Lopez-Sanchez, J.F., Sahuguillo, A., Rubio, R., Davidson, C., Ure, A., and Quevauviller, P., 1999, Improvement of the BCR three step sequential extraction procedure prior to the certification of new sediment and soil reference materials., J. Environ. Monit., 1(1), 57-61
  •  
  • 23. Stevenson, F.J., 1982, Humus chemistry, Wiley, New York.
  •  
  • 24. Tessier, A., Campbell, P.G.C., and Bisson, M., 1979, Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals, Anal. Chem., 51(7), 844-851.
  •  
  • 25. Tills, A.R. and Alloway, B.J., 1983, The speciation of lead in soil solution from very polluted soils., Environ. Technol. Lett., 4, 529-534.
  •  
  • 26. Ure, A.M., Quevauviller, Ph., Muntau, H., and Griepink, B., 1993, Speciation of heavy metal in soils and sediments. An account of the improvement and harmonisation of extraction techniques undertaken under the auspices of the BCR of the Commission of the European Communities, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 51, 135-151.
  •  
  • 27. Walkley, A. and Black, I., 1934, An examination of degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method, Soil sci. 37, 29-37.
  •  
  • 28. Zhu, B. and Alva, A.K., 1993, Trace metal and cation transport in a sandy soil with various amendments, Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. J., 57(3), 723-727.
  •  

This Article