• Hydrochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in an Area Affected by Pig Carcass Burial: Leakage Detection
  • Oh, Junseop;Kim, Ho-rim;Lee, Jeong-Ho;Kim, Kyoung-ho;Choi, Kwang-jun;Kim, Hyeon-Koo;Yun, Seong-Taek;
  • Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University;KU-KIST Green School, Korea University;Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University;Korea Environmental Institute;Korea Rural Community Corporation;Korea National Institute of Environmental Research;Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University;
  • 돼지사체 매몰지역 지하수의 수지구화학 특성: 침출수 누출 판단
  • 오준섭;김호림;이정호;김경호;최광준;김현구;윤성택;
  • 고려대학교 지구환경과학과;고려대학교 KU-KIST 그린스쿨대학원;고려대학교 지구환경과학과;한국환경정책평가연구원;한국농어촌공사;국립환경과학원;고려대학교 지구환경과학과;
Abstract
To evaluate potential impacts of shallow groundwater by the leachate from buried carcass, we investigated hydrochemical characteristics of both leachate and shallow groundwater from monitoring wells and surrounding shallow groundwater wells in an area potentially affected by pig carcass burial. The hydrochemical survey was conducted before and after the relocation of a burial pit. The leachate samples and the groundwater affected by leachate showed the hydrochemistry of $Ca-HCO_3$ type with high $NH_4{^+}$ concentrations, while unaffected groundwater was mostly the $Ca(Na)-Cl+NO_3$ type due to pervasive impacts from agrochemicals. The results of factor analysis on hydrochemical data showed the followings: 1) contamination of groundwater from agro-livestock farming and livestock burial are coexisting in the study area, 2) among ionic species, $HCO_3{^-}$, $NH_4{^+}$, $NO_3{^-}$ and Mn are very useful to differentiate the groundwater contamination from leachate, and 3) groundwater contamination by leachate has been recognized around the monitoring wells even after the relocation of a burial pit, likely due to residual contaminants in surrounding soils. Therefore, it is suggested that continued monitoring of groundwater contamination should be conducted after the relocation of carcass burial pits.

Keywords: Groundwater contamination;Carcass burial;Hydrochemical monitoring;Leakage indicators;

References
  • 1. APHA (American Public Health Association), 1995, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.
  •  
  • 2. Bohlke, J.K., 2002, Groundwater recharge and agricultural contamination, Hydrogeol. J., 10(1), 153-179.
  •  
  • 3. Choi, N.C., Choi, E.J., Kim, B.J., Park, J.A., Kim, S.B., and Park, C.Y., 2013, Characterization of water quality and the aerobic bacterial population in leachate derived from animal carcass disposal, J. Eng. Geol., 23(1), 37-46.
  •  
  • 4. Glanville, T., 2000, Impact of Livestock Burial on Shallow Groundwater Quality, American Society of Agricultural Engineers Mid-Central Meeting, April 28-29, 2000.
  •  
  • 5. Hem, J.D., 1985, Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water (Vol. 2254). Department of the Interior, US Geological Survey.
  •  
  • 6. Hooda, P.S., Edwards, A.C., Anderson, H.A., and Miller, A., 2000, A review of water quality concerns in livestock farming areas, Sci. Total Environ., 250(1), 143-167.
  •  
  • 7. Joung, H.K., Han, S.H., Park, S.J., Jeong, W.H., Ahn, T.S., Lee, J.B., Jeong, Y.S., Jang, K.L., Lee, G.C., Rhee, O.J., Park, J.W., and Paik, S.Y., 2013, Nationwide Surveillance for Pathogenic Microorganisms in Groundwater near Carcass Burials Constructed in South Korea in 2010, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 10, 7126-7143.
  •  
  • 8. Kaiser, H.F., 1958, The varimax criterion for analytic rotation in factor analysis, Psychometrika, 23(3), 187-200.
  •  
  • 9. Kang, M.A., Kim, M.S., Choi, B.W., and Sohn, H.Y,, 2012, Organic matter analysis and physicochemical properties of leachate from a foot-and-mouth disease landfill site, Korean J. Microbiol. Biotechnol, 40(2), 128-134.
  •  
  • 10. Kim, H.K., Park, S.H., Kim, M.S., Kim, H.J., Lee, M.K., Lee, G.M., and Kim, T.S., 2014, Contamination characteristics of agricultural groundwater around livestock burial areas in Korea, J. Eng. Geol., 24(2), 237-246.
  •  
  • 11. Ko, J.S., Kim, B.J., Choi, N.C., Kim, S.B., Park, J.A., and Park, C.Y., 2012, Characterization of an animal carcass disposal site using electrical resistivity survey, J. Eng. Geol. (Korea), 22(4), 409-416.
  •  
  • 12. Korea Meteorological Administration, 2011, Annual Report, 170-172.
  •  
  • 13. MacArthur, A.J., Milne, J.C., and Young, P.J., 2003, Leachate characteristics arising from the foot and mouth mass burial site in Scotland. In: 9th International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium, Sardinia, Italy.
  •  
  • 14. McBean, E.A., Rovers, F.A., and Farquhar, G.J., 1995, Mass balance computational procedures in landfill assessment, In: Solid Waste Landfill Eng. Design, Prentice Hall, 83-106.
  •  
  • 15. Ministry of Environment, 2013, Guide of the Survey of Livestock Carcass Burial, 20-23.
  •  
  • 16. Nutsch, A., McClaskey, J., and Kastner, J., 2004, Carcass disposal: a comprehensive review, National Agricultural Biosecurity Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS.
  •  
  • 17. Park, J.H., Lee, K.N., Kim, S.M., Ko, Y.J., Lee, H.S., and Cho, I.S., 2009, Resistance of foot-and-mouth disease virus in various environments, Korean J. Vet. Public Health, 33, 197-204.
  •  
  • 18. Park, G.B., 2000, Multivaiate Analysis, Hakgi Pub. Co., 87-88.
  •  
  • 19. Pratt, D.L., 2009, Environmental impact of livestock mortalities burial, University of Saskatchewan, Doctoral thesis.
  •  
  • 20. RDA (Rural Development Administration), Korean Soil Information System, http://soil.rda.go.kr/soil/soilmap/characteristic.jsp [17.10.21]
  •  
  • 21. Ritter, W. F. and A. E. M. Chirnside., 1995, Impact of dead bird disposal pits on ground-water quality on the Delmarva Peninsula., Bioresour. Technol. 53(2), 105-111.
  •  
  • 22. Rozeboom, D.W. and Ross, D., 2014, Mortality Compost Nutrients and Use On Farm, Ways to Enhance Nutrient Content. American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK.
  •  
  • 23. von Gunten, H.R., Karametaxas, G., and Keil, R., 1994, Chemical processes in infiltrated riverbed sediments, Environ. Sci. Technol., 28(12), 2087-2093.
  •  
  • 24. Yeo, S.C. and Im, J.H., 1974, Geological Map of Korea-Icheon Sheet (1:50,000), National Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, 45p.
  •  
  • 25. Yuan, Q., Snow, D.D., and Bartelt-Hunt, S.L., 2013, Potential water quality impacts originating from land burial of cattle carcasses, Sci. Total Environ., 456-457, 246-253.
  •  

This Article